Online Materials, Federal Policy, Week 2, Lecture 2

Similarities between America & Canada in the 19th Century

Assimilation

1. agriculture
2. Christianity
3. education

• land hunger among non-natives
• paternalism
• underfunded Indian service
• reservation/reserve policy
• assumption of assimilation
• railroad/infrastructure development on Native lands
• gold rushes

Differences between US & Canada

• Canada-oriented to Britain/US independent
• states had less power in US, individual territories more powerful in Canad
• smaller settler population in Canada,
  
• Canada: more willing to recognize tribal groups
• more violent conflicts in US Civil war with natives than Canadian confederates had with 1st nations

Pacific Northwest:

• maritime fur trade-1792-1812
• Indians were shrewd traders
• Indians greatly controlled the trade relationship
• fairly peaceful co-existence
• cultural change-not very disruptive
• Columbia river, essential to trade
• forts: new habitats for Indian traders
• Indians & whites both wanted monopolies
• treaty period between 1850 and 1871
• Columbia River Treaties
• Douglas treaties
•